湛江近海虾拖网虾蟹类渔获组成     

杨炳忠  杨吝  谭永光  晏磊  张鹏 《广东农业科学》2014,41(4):152-155

在2012 年8 月进行的南海北部虾拖网海上调查的基础上,对虾蟹类渔获的种类组成、生物学特征和幼 体比例等进行了分析。结果显示,渔获种类一共71 种,其中虾蟹类15 种,但其产量却占总产量的82.34%;虾类优势 种为日本囊对虾（Marsupenaeus japonicus）、刀额新对虾（Metapenaeus ensis）、近缘新对虾（M. affinis）和周氏新对虾（M. joyneri）;蟹类优势种为红星梭子蟹（Portunus sanguinolentus）、三疣梭子蟹（P. trituberculatus）和远海梭子蟹（P. pelagicus）;刀额新对虾的幼虾比例为73.36%,三疣梭子蟹的幼蟹比例为78.79%。最后,探讨了促进南海虾蟹类资源 合理利用的措施。  相似文献   

金融危机后全球对虾贸易格局与出口竞争力研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

滕达  高维新  廖泽芳 《广东农业科学》2014,41(18):207-212

受国际金融危机的影响,全球经济增长放缓,对虾市场也受到了一定的冲击.金融危机后,对虾贸易开始复苏,并仍然集中在亚洲、美洲和欧洲三大区域.其中,泰国、越南、中国、印度尼西亚、印度的对虾产品国际市场占有率较高,并对美欧日三大进口市场具有较高的渗透率;厄瓜多尔、越南、泰国、孟加拉的对虾出口竞争力很强;上述国家对虾产品的比较优势显著.通过对湛江国联水产出口经验的借鉴,为增强中国对虾出口竞争力提供了启示.  相似文献   

3种对虾种间RAPD遗传标记   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

刘萍  孟宪红  庄志猛  孔杰  王伟继  焦传珍  相建海 《海洋水产研究》2002,23(2):1-6

用RAPD技术对虾属中凡纳对虾、日本对虾和中国对虾基因组DNA的特异性遗传标记进行分析，筛选了OPK和OPE两个系列40个引物，有37个引物获得了片段长度在250-2200bp之间且重复性良好的谱带，其中34个引物均可以将1种、2种甚至3种对虾分别区别开来，共获得了264个扩增片段，其中3种对虾特异性片段95个，每个引物分别获得了1-7个大小不等的片段，凡纳对虾获得了28个特异性片段，日本对虾获得了32个特异性片段，中国对虾获得了35个特异性片段。通过Popgnen1.32种群遗传分析软件包计算结果表明：日本与对虾与中国对虾的遗传距离最大，高达0.9096；日本对虾与凡纳对虾的遗传距离次之，为0.8608；凡纳对虾与中国对虾的遗传距离最小，其值为0.6219。根据遗传距离指数，用UPGMA方法进行聚类分析，构建系统树。  相似文献   

中国对虾（Penaeus chinensis）养成期虾池水体和底质及虾体异养菌和弧菌含量的变化   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

马悦欣  李君丰  陈营  邢殿楼  姜彬 《中国水产科学》1995,2(3)

本文报道了辽宁省瓦房店市邓屯乡高家养虾场对虾养成期虾池水体和底质及虾体异养菌和弧菌含量的变化。结果表明外海水中异养菌数量为１０￣４～１０￣５个／毫升，弧菌数量为１０￣２～１０￣３个／毫升，虾池水中异养菌数量为１０￣４～１０￣５个／毫升，弧菌数量为１０￣２～１０￣４个／毫升，底质中异养菌数量为１０￣５～１０￣７个／克，弧菌数量为１０￣３～１０￣４个／克。虾体肌肉中异养菌数量为１０￣３～１０￣５个／克，弧菌数量为１０￣３～１０￣５个／克；肝胰脏中异养菌数量为１０￣３～１０￣７个／克，弧菌数量为１０￣２～１０￣７个／克；肠道中异养菌数量为１０￣６～１０￣７个／克，弧菌数量为１０￣６～１０￣７个／克。  相似文献   

皮下及造血组织坏死杆状病毒对中国对虾亲虾的人工感染   总被引：8，自引：1，他引：8  

宋晓玲 《水产学报》1996,20(4):374-378

皮下及造血组织坏死杆状病毒对中国对虾亲虾的人工感染宋晓玲，黄倢，王崇明，于佳，陈碧鹃，杨丛海（黄海水产研究所，青岛２６６０７１）关键词中国对虾，亲虾，皮下及造血组织坏死杆状病毒，人工感染，温度效应ＡＲＴＩＦＩＣＩＡＬＩＮＦＥＣＴＩＯＮＯＦＢＲＯＯＤＳ...  相似文献   

Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone) post-larval survival related to age, temperature, pH and ammonium concentration     

Francisco J Magallón Barajas  Rosalía Servín Villegas  Guillermo Portillo Clark  & Berenice López Moreno 《Aquaculture Research》2006,37(5):492-499

Transport of post‐larvae shrimp used in aquaculture is an important element of successful cultivation because of the potential for stress during stocking procedures. To find optimum transport conditions, several bioassays were performed in the laboratory to evaluate survival of whiteleg shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei 5–30‐day‐old postlarvae under conditions similar to those encountered during transport from the hatchery to nursery and shrimp ponds. Postlarvae were exposed for 4 h to different temperatures and pH levels ammonia concentrations. Survival was significantly reduced after a 4 h exposure to pH 9 and was inversely related to temperature with or without 7 mg L^?1 of ammonia. The 15‐ and 20‐day‐old postlarvae had higher survival rates than other ages. The lowest survival occurred in alkali conditions (pH 9), with 7 mg L^?1ammonia at 30 and 32°C. To assure optimal survival of postlarvae during transfer from the hatchery to the nursery and shrimp ponds, we recommend temperatures below 28°C, pH no higher than 8, no ammonia and post‐larval age at least 15 days.  相似文献   

Intake and discharge nutrient loads at three intensive shrimp farms     

Christopher Jackson  Nigel Preston  & Peter J Thompson 《Aquaculture Research》2004,35(11):1053-1061

This study was conducted to help provide a framework for Australian regulation of shrimp farm siting and discharges. Monitoring of farm water usage, and intake and discharge water quality was conducted at three commercial intensive shrimp farms, chosen to represent different operating environments, latitudes, cultured species and management styles. Weekly samples were taken over 3 years, for 3–12 months at each farm, to investigate intake and discharge concentrations and loads of total suspended solids (TSS), total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP). Mean water exchange was 1.4 ML ha^?1 day^?1 (about 10% day^?1) at the first farm studied and 0.5 ML ha^?1 day^?1 (about 3.6% day^?1) at the others. Farm mean discharge concentration varied as follows: TSS, from 36.9 to 119 mg L^?1; TN, from 2.1 to 3.1 mg L^?1 and TP, from 0.22 to 0.28 mg L^?1. Farm mean intake concentrations were from 11% to 91% of equivalent mean discharge concentration (for TN at Farm B and TSS at Farm C respectively). Mean net discharge loads, related to area of production ponds at each farm, varied as follows: TSS, from 4.8 to 85.7 kg ha^?1 day^?1; TN, from 1 to 1.8 kg ha^?1 day^?1 and TP, from 0.11 to 0.22 kg ha^?1 day^?1. The highest net loads of TSS, TN and TP were all from the farm with the highest water exchange rate, located on a coastal river, and studied during a year of high rainfall with associated poor water quality. These results can be used to help predict likely discharge characteristics for new shrimp farms, and provide a benchmark against which to evaluate future improvements in shrimp farm environmental management.  相似文献   

Characterization of intake and effluent waters from intensive and semi-intensive shrimp farms in Texas   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Tzachi M Samocha  I M Lopez  E R Jones  S Jackson  & A L Lawrence 《Aquaculture Research》2004,35(4):321-339

Two commercial shrimp farms in south Texas were evaluated for influent and effluent water quality from June to October 1994. The intensive farm, Taiwan Shrimp Village Association (TSV) had an average annual yield of 4630 kg ha^?1 while the semi‐intensive farm, Harlingen Shrimp Farm (HSF), had a yield of 1777 kg ha^?1. The study had three objectives: (1) to compare influent and effluent water from the intensive and semi‐intensive shrimp farms, (2) to show which effluent water‐quality indicators exceeded allowable limits, (3) to indicate inherent problems in farms operated with water exchange and summarize how findings from this study led to changes in farms' management that limited potential negative impact on receiving streams. Water samples were collected and analysed twice a week for the TSV farm and once a week for the HSF farm. Samples were analysed for dissolved oxygen (DO), salinity, pH, ammonia‐nitrogen (NH₃‐N), nitrite‐nitrogen (NO₂‐N), nitrate‐nitrogen (NO₃‐N), total phosphorus (TP), total reactive phosphorus (TRP), five‐day carbonaceous biochemical oxygen demand (cBOD₅), total suspended solids (TSS) and settleable solids (SettSols). Most of the effluent constituents showed fluctuations throughout the sampling period often related to harvest activity. Effluent pH at TSV was lower than influent values but within the regulatory requirements set by Texas Commission of Environmental Quality (TCEQ), formerly known as Texas Natural Resource Conservation Commission (TNRCC). HSF effluent pH values were higher than its influent, but still within TCEQ limits. Effluent DO mean levels were generally below the regulatory daily mean requirement, with values at TSV often below those for influent. Effluent nutrient concentrations and net loads were generally higher at the intensive shrimp farm, with NH₃‐N mean concentrations above the daily mean set by the TCEQ on several occasions. Effluent TSS concentrations were higher than influent for both farms, with daily mean values above the TCEQ limit. The two farms presented similar TSS concentrations despite their different stocking densities. However, TSS total net load and net load per hectare were higher at the intensive farm. The semi‐intensive farm presented higher cBOD₅ concentrations and net loads despite its lower stocking density, with daily mean values above the TCEQ limit. The cBOD₅ net load at TSV presented negative values indicating higher load at the influent than at the effluent. Analyses showed no evidence of self‐pollution between influent and effluent at the two farms. The high feed conversion ratio (FCR) values (2.3 and 2.7 for the intensive and the semi‐intensive farm respectively) suggest that better feed management is needed to reduce nutrient and solid net loads release from the two farms. The data obtained from this study resulted in several modifications in design and management of the two farms that reduced the potential negative impact on receiving streams. A brief summary of the improvement in selected effluent water‐quality indicators at the intensive shrimp farm is provided.  相似文献   

Evaluation of shrimp polyculture system in Thailand based on stable carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

HISASHI YOKOYAMA  JUNYA HIGANO a  KUMIKO ADACHI  YUKA ISHIHI  YOSHIHIRO YAMADA b 《Fisheries Science》2002,68(4):745-750

ABSTRACT: To quantify the contribution by cocultured animals to waste assimilation in an intensive shrimp farm in Thailand, the food web structures of the macrobenthos in a reservoir pond, a shrimp culture pond and water treatment ponds were examined using the stable C and N isotope ratio technique. Seawater for aquaculture was drawn from a creek, and stored in a reservoir pond, used for farming the banana prawn Fenneropenaeus merguiensis in culture ponds, and then recycled through treatment ponds where the green mussel Perna viridis was cultured to remove organic wastes discharged from the farming. The clam worm Nereididae sp. and the mud creeper Cerithideopsilla cingulata in the culture pond had δ ¹³C values of −21.0‰ and −18.4‰, respectively, suggesting that shrimp feed (mean δ ¹³C = −20.7‰) was the main food source for these species. The δ ¹³C analysis also suggested that sediments (−23.7‰) in the reservoir pond and particulate organic matter (POM) (−24.0‰) and/or sediments (−25.0‰) in the treatment pond supplied carbon for most macrobenthic animals. However, green mussels in the treatment pond had a mean δ ¹³C value of −20.5‰, suggesting that shrimp feed was the main food source for this species.  相似文献   

对虾池的放养密度对浮游生物群落的影响   总被引：11，自引：1，他引：11  

卢静 《水产学报》2000,24(3):240-246

于１９９８年７￣９月在山东海阳养虾场运用陆基围隔实验生态学方法,研究了对虾与罗非鱼在五种放养密度下浮游生物群落的变动情况。结果表明;可能浮游动物的摄食对浮游植物产生影响,二者数量的消长在大多数围隔都呈负相关;纤毛虫的数量与浮游植物的总生物量呈负相关;随着养殖密度的增加,浮游植物生物量减少,而浮游动物却有所增加,前者的优势类群由硅藻变为甲藻、蓝藻和隐藻。后者的在组成中镖水蚤数量减少而剑水蚤、无节幼体、轮虫和原生动物等小型种类有所增加;纤毛虫在高密度围隔中大量繁殖,说明水质已逐渐恶化。  相似文献